case study in java programming

50 Java Projects with Source Code for All Skill Levels

By Faraz - July 20, 2024

50 Java projects with complete source code, suitable for beginners to experts. Dive into practical coding with these hands-on examples.

Java , being one of the most popular programming languages globally, offers a vast array of opportunities for enthusiasts to practice and enhance their coding skills. Engaging in practical projects is one of the most effective ways to master Java programming. Here, we'll explore 50 Java projects with source code across different levels of complexity, suitable for beginners, intermediates, and advanced learners.

Table of Contents

Introduction to java projects.

Java projects provide hands-on experience and are instrumental in reinforcing theoretical concepts. They offer a practical understanding of Java's syntax , structure, and functionality. Moreover, working on projects enables developers to tackle real-world problems, fostering creativity and problem-solving skills.

1. Calculator

Houari ZEGAI's Calculator project offers a great opportunity for beginners to delve into Java programming. This simple yet effective project helps learners understand fundamental concepts like variables, operators, and basic user input/output. With clear, commented code, ZEGAI's Calculator is a fantastic starting point for those new to Java development . By studying and tinkering with this project, beginners can grasp core principles while gaining confidence in their coding abilities.

2. Guess the Number Game

The "Guess the Number" game is a classic Java project suitable for programmers of all skill levels. This interactive game challenges players to guess a randomly generated number within a specified range. With simple yet engaging gameplay, the "Guess the Number" project provides an excellent opportunity for beginners to practice essential Java concepts while having fun.

3. Currency Converter

The Currency Converter project is a practical and useful Java application that allows users to convert between different currencies. This project is suitable for programmers at various skill levels, providing an opportunity to apply Java programming concepts in a real-world scenario.

In the Currency Converter project, users input an amount in one currency and select the currency they wish to convert it to. The application then retrieves the latest exchange rates from a reliable source, such as an API, and performs the conversion calculation. By implementing this functionality, learners can gain valuable experience working with APIs, handling user input, and performing mathematical operations in Java.

4. Digital Clock

The Digital Clock project is a straightforward yet engaging Java application that displays the current time in a digital format. This project is suitable for beginners and intermediate programmers alike, offering an opportunity to practice essential Java concepts while creating a useful utility.

In the Digital Clock project, programmers utilize Java's date and time functionality to retrieve the current system time and display it on the screen. By incorporating graphical user interface (GUI) components such as labels and timers, learners can create an interactive clock display that updates in real-time. This hands-on approach allows beginners to familiarize themselves with GUI programming concepts while practicing core Java skills.

5. ToDo App

The ToDo App project is a practical Java application that helps users organize their tasks and manage their daily activities efficiently. This project is suitable for programmers looking to develop their Java skills while creating a useful productivity tool.

In the ToDo App project, users can add tasks to a list, mark them as completed, and remove them as needed. By implementing features such as user input handling, task manipulation, and list management, learners gain valuable experience in Java programming fundamentals. Additionally, this project provides an opportunity to explore concepts like data structures, file handling, and user interface design.

6. QRCodeFX

QRCodeFX is an exciting Java project that allows programmers to generate QR codes dynamically. This project leverages JavaFX, a powerful library for building graphical user interfaces, to create an interactive application for generating and displaying QR codes.

7. Weather Forecast App

The Weather Forecast App project is an exciting Java application that provides users with up-to-date weather information for their location and other selected areas. This project combines Java programming with APIs to create a dynamic and user-friendly weather forecasting tool.

In the Weather Forecast App, users can input their location or select a specific city to view current weather conditions, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, and more. By integrating with a weather API, such as OpenWeatherMap, programmers can retrieve real-time weather data and display it in a clear and visually appealing format.

8. Temperature Converter Tool

The Temperature Converter Tool is a handy Java application that allows users to convert temperatures between different units, such as Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. This project provides a practical opportunity for programmers to develop their Java skills while creating a useful utility for everyday use.

In the Temperature Converter Tool, users can input a temperature value along with the unit of measurement (e.g., Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin) and select the desired output unit. The application then performs the conversion calculation and displays the result, allowing users to quickly and easily convert temperatures with precision.

9. Word Counter Tool

The Word Counter Tool is a versatile Java application designed to analyze text and provide valuable insights into word frequency and usage. This project offers programmers a practical opportunity to hone their Java skills while creating a useful utility for text analysis.

In the Word Counter Tool, users can input a block of text or upload a text file, and the application will analyze the content to determine the frequency of each word. By utilizing Java's string manipulation capabilities and data structures such as maps or arrays, programmers can efficiently process the text and generate a comprehensive word count report.

10. Scientific Calculator

The Scientific Calculator project is an advanced Java application that provides users with a wide range of mathematical functions and operations beyond basic arithmetic. This project is ideal for programmers looking to expand their Java skills while creating a powerful utility for scientific calculations.

In the Scientific Calculator, users can input mathematical expressions, including functions such as trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions, and the application will evaluate and display the result accurately. By leveraging Java's math libraries and implementing parsing algorithms, programmers can create a robust calculator capable of handling complex mathematical computations with precision.

11. Tic Tac Toe

The Tic Tac Toe project is a classic Java game that provides users with an opportunity to engage in a fun and strategic multiplayer experience. This project is perfect for programmers looking to apply their Java skills while creating an interactive game with simple rules and dynamic gameplay.

In the Tic Tac Toe game, two players take turns marking spaces on a 3x3 grid with their respective symbols (typically X and O), aiming to form a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line of their symbols before their opponent. By implementing logic to handle user input, validate moves, and check for win conditions, programmers can create a fully functional and enjoyable game experience.

12. Drag and Drop Application

The Drag and Drop Application is a dynamic Java project that enables users to interact with graphical elements by dragging and dropping them across the application's interface. This project provides programmers with an opportunity to explore Java's graphical user interface (GUI) capabilities while creating an intuitive and interactive user experience.

13. Snake Game

The Snake Game project is a classic Java game that provides users with an entertaining and addictive gaming experience. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while creating a dynamic and interactive game with simple yet challenging gameplay mechanics.

In the Snake Game, players control a snake that moves around a grid, consuming food items to grow longer while avoiding collisions with the walls of the grid or the snake's own body. By implementing logic to handle player input, update the snake's position, and detect collisions, programmers can create a compelling and immersive gaming experience.

14. Resume Builder

The Resume Builder project is a practical Java application designed to assist users in creating professional resumes efficiently. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while developing a useful tool for individuals seeking to showcase their qualifications and experiences effectively.

15. Student Management System

The Student Management System project is a comprehensive Java application designed to streamline administrative tasks related to student information and academic records. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while developing a robust and efficient system for managing student data.

In the Student Management System, administrators can perform various tasks such as adding new students, updating existing records, managing course enrollments, and generating reports. By implementing features such as database integration, user authentication, and data validation, programmers can create a reliable and user-friendly platform for organizing and accessing student information.

16. Rock Paper Scissors

The Rock Paper Scissors project is a classic Java game that provides users with a simple yet entertaining gaming experience. This project offers programmers an opportunity to practice their Java skills while creating a fun and interactive game of chance.

In the Rock Paper Scissors game, players compete against the computer by selecting one of three options: rock, paper, or scissors. The winner is determined based on the rules of the game: rock beats scissors, scissors beats paper, and paper beats rock. By implementing logic to handle player input, generate random computer choices, and determine the outcome of each round, programmers can create an engaging gaming experience.

17. Hangman Game

The Hangman Game project is a classic Java game that provides users with a challenging and engaging word-guessing experience. This project offers programmers an opportunity to practice their Java skills while creating a fun and interactive game of wit and strategy.

In the Hangman Game, players attempt to guess a secret word by suggesting letters one at a time. For each incorrect guess, a part of a hangman figure is drawn. The game continues until the player correctly guesses the word or the hangman figure is completed. By implementing logic to handle player input, manage the game state, and select random words, programmers can create an immersive gaming experience.

The Webcam Application project is a Java application designed to interface with a webcam device and capture video or images. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while creating a versatile tool for webcam usage.

19. Attendance Management System

The Attendance Management System project is a comprehensive Java application designed to streamline attendance tracking and management processes in educational institutions or workplaces. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while developing a robust and efficient system for managing attendance records.

In the Attendance Management System, administrators can perform various tasks such as recording attendance, generating attendance reports, managing leave requests, and tracking attendance trends over time. By implementing features such as user authentication, data encryption, and access control, programmers can create a secure and reliable platform for monitoring attendance data.

20. Chess Game

The Chess Game project is a Java application that offers users a classic and strategic gaming experience. This project provides programmers with an opportunity to apply their Java skills while creating a sophisticated and engaging game of chess.

In the Chess Game, players take turns moving their pieces across an 8x8 grid, aiming to capture their opponent's pieces and ultimately checkmate their opponent's king. By implementing logic to handle player input, validate moves, and simulate game states, programmers can create a challenging and immersive gaming experience.

21. Vehicle Rental Management System

The Vehicle Rental Management System is a comprehensive Java application designed to streamline the process of managing vehicle rentals for rental agencies or businesses. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while developing a robust and efficient system for handling rental operations.

In the Vehicle Rental Management System, administrators can perform various tasks such as adding new vehicles to the inventory, managing rental reservations, tracking rental durations and payments, and generating reports. By implementing features such as database integration, user authentication, and data validation, programmers can create a reliable and user-friendly platform for managing vehicle rentals.

22. Quiz App

The Quiz App project is a Java application designed to provide users with an interactive and educational quiz experience. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while creating a dynamic and engaging platform for quiz-taking.

In the Quiz App, users can choose from a variety of quiz topics or categories, such as science, history, literature, or general knowledge. The application presents users with multiple-choice questions related to the selected topic and provides instant feedback on their answers. By implementing logic to handle user input, track scores, and display quiz results, programmers can create an immersive and rewarding quiz experience.

23. Voting Management System

The Voting Management System is a sophisticated Java application designed to facilitate the management of voting processes in elections or organizational decision-making. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while developing a secure and efficient system for managing voting operations.

In the Voting Management System, administrators can oversee various aspects of the voting process, including voter registration, ballot creation, voter authentication, vote counting, and result reporting. By implementing features such as user authentication, encryption algorithms, and audit trails, programmers can create a robust and tamper-resistant platform for conducting fair and transparent elections.

24. Electricity Billing System

The Electricity Billing System is a Java application designed to automate and streamline the process of managing electricity bills for customers. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while developing an efficient and user-friendly system for billing and invoicing.

In the Electricity Billing System, administrators can perform various tasks such as adding new customers, recording meter readings, calculating electricity consumption, generating bills, and processing payments. By implementing features such as database integration, billing algorithms, and user interfaces, programmers can create a reliable and accurate platform for managing electricity billing operations.

25. Online Shopping Cart (E-Commerce Website)

The Online Shopping Cart project is a comprehensive Java application designed to provide users with a seamless and convenient online shopping experience. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while developing a feature-rich and user-friendly e-commerce platform.

In the Online Shopping Cart, users can browse through a catalog of products, add items to their cart, and proceed to checkout to complete their purchase. By implementing features such as user authentication, product search functionality, shopping cart management, and secure payment processing, programmers can create a robust and reliable platform for online shopping.

26. Online BookStore

The Online Bookstore project is a dynamic Java application that provides users with a convenient platform to browse, search, and purchase books online. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while developing a comprehensive and user-friendly e-commerce platform specifically tailored for books.

In the Online Bookstore, users can explore a vast catalog of books across different genres, authors, and topics. They can easily search for specific titles, view book details, read reviews, and add books to their shopping cart for purchase. By implementing features such as user authentication, secure payment processing, and order management, programmers can create a seamless and enjoyable shopping experience for book enthusiasts.

27. Connect4

The Connect4 Game project is a Java application that offers users a classic and engaging gaming experience. This project provides programmers with an opportunity to apply their Java skills while developing a strategic and entertaining game of Connect 4.

In the Connect4 Game, two players take turns dropping colored discs into a vertical grid with the goal of connecting four discs of their color horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. By implementing logic to handle player input, validate moves, and detect winning conditions, programmers can create an immersive and challenging gaming experience.

28. Event Management System

The Event Management System is a comprehensive Java application designed to streamline the planning and organization of events for various purposes, such as conferences, weddings, or corporate gatherings. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while developing a versatile and efficient system for managing event logistics.

In the Event Management System, administrators can perform various tasks such as creating event schedules, managing guest lists, coordinating vendors and suppliers, and tracking expenses and budgets. By implementing features such as user authentication, calendar integration, and communication tools, programmers can create a centralized platform for planning and executing events seamlessly.

29. Puzzle Game

The Puzzle Game project is an engaging Java application that challenges users with a variety of mind-bending puzzles to solve. This project provides programmers with an opportunity to apply their Java skills while creating an entertaining and intellectually stimulating gaming experience.

In the Puzzle Game, players are presented with a series of puzzles, each requiring a unique solution or strategy to complete. These puzzles may include logic puzzles, pattern recognition challenges, maze navigation tasks, or spatial reasoning exercises. By implementing logic to generate puzzles, validate player inputs, and track progress, programmers can create a dynamic and immersive gaming experience.

30. Pacman Game

The Pacman Game project is a classic Java application that brings to life the iconic arcade game experience. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while recreating the nostalgic and beloved gameplay of Pacman.

In the Pacman Game, players control the iconic character Pacman as they navigate through a maze, eating pellets and avoiding ghosts. The objective is to clear the maze of all pellets while avoiding contact with the ghosts, which will result in losing a life. By implementing logic to handle player input, control Pacman's movement, and manage ghost behavior, programmers can recreate the thrilling and addictive gameplay of Pacman.

31. Space Invaders Game

The Space Invaders Game project is a thrilling Java application that immerses players in an epic battle against invading alien forces. This project provides programmers with an opportunity to apply their Java skills while recreating the classic arcade gaming experience of Space Invaders.

In the Space Invaders Game, players control a spaceship at the bottom of the screen, tasked with defending Earth from waves of descending alien invaders. The player can move the spaceship horizontally to dodge enemy fire and shoot projectiles to eliminate the invading aliens. By implementing logic to handle player input, manage alien movement patterns, and detect collisions, programmers can recreate the fast-paced and addictive gameplay of Space Invaders.

32. Breakout Game

The Breakout Game project is an exhilarating Java application that challenges players to smash through rows of bricks using a bouncing ball and a paddle. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while recreating the timeless and addictive gameplay of Breakout.

In the Breakout Game, players control a paddle at the bottom of the screen, tasked with bouncing a ball to break through a wall of bricks at the top. The player must maneuver the paddle to keep the ball in play and prevent it from falling off the bottom of the screen. By implementing logic to handle player input, simulate ball movement and collision detection, and manage brick destruction, programmers can recreate the fast-paced and exciting gameplay of Breakout.

33. Tetris Game

The Tetris Game project is an exciting Java application that challenges players to manipulate falling tetrominoes to create complete lines and clear the playing field. This project provides programmers with an opportunity to apply their Java skills while recreating the iconic and addictive gameplay of Tetris.

In the Tetris Game, players control the descent of tetrominoes—geometric shapes composed of four square blocks— as they fall from the top of the screen to the bottom. The player can rotate and maneuver the tetrominoes to fit them into gaps and create solid lines across the playing field. By implementing logic to handle player input, simulate tetromino movement and rotation, and detect line completions, programmers can recreate the fast-paced and challenging gameplay of Tetris.

34. Minesweeper Game

The Minesweeper Game project is a captivating Java application that challenges players to uncover hidden mines on a grid-based playing field while avoiding detonating any of them. This project provides programmers with an opportunity to apply their Java skills while recreating the engaging and strategic gameplay of Minesweeper.

In the Minesweeper Game, players are presented with a grid of squares, some of which conceal hidden mines. The objective is to uncover all the non-mine squares without triggering any mines. Players can reveal the contents of a square by clicking on it, and clues provided by adjacent squares indicate the number of mines in proximity. By implementing logic to handle player input, reveal squares, and detect game-ending conditions, programmers can recreate the challenging and thought-provoking gameplay of Minesweeper.

ChatFx is a Java-based chat application that provides users with a platform to engage in real-time text-based conversations. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while developing a dynamic and interactive chat system.

36. Chrome Dino Game

The Chrome Dino Game Clone project is a Java application inspired by the classic side-scrolling endless runner game found in Google Chrome's offline page. This project offers programmers an opportunity to apply their Java skills while recreating the simple yet addictive gameplay of the Chrome Dino Game.

In the Chrome Dino Game Clone, players control a dinosaur character that automatically runs forward on a desert landscape. The objective is to jump over obstacles such as cacti and birds while avoiding collisions. By implementing logic to handle player input for jumping, detect collisions with obstacles, and generate random obstacle patterns, programmers can recreate the fast-paced and challenging gameplay of the Chrome Dino Game.

37. Web Scraping

Web scraping refers to the process of extracting data from websites. It's a valuable technique for gathering information from the web for various purposes, such as data analysis, market research, or content aggregation. In Java, developers can leverage libraries like Jsoup to perform web scraping efficiently and effectively.

Jsoup is a Java library that provides a convenient API for working with HTML documents. With Jsoup, developers can easily parse HTML, navigate the document structure, and extract relevant data using CSS selectors or DOM traversal methods.

38. Text Editor

A Text Editor is a fundamental tool used for creating, editing, and managing text-based documents. Building a Text Editor application in Java provides an excellent opportunity for programmers to apply their skills while creating a versatile and user-friendly tool for text manipulation.

In Java, developers can leverage libraries like JavaFX to create graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for their applications. JavaFX offers a rich set of features for building interactive and visually appealing desktop applications, making it well-suited for developing a Text Editor.

39. Tender Management System

A Tender Management System is a comprehensive software solution designed to streamline the process of tendering, from initial announcement to final contract award. This system facilitates the entire tender lifecycle, including tender creation, submission, evaluation, and contract management. Building a Tender Management System in Java presents an opportunity for developers to create a powerful tool that enhances efficiency and transparency in the tendering process.

40. Hotel Reservation System

A Hotel Reservation System is a software application designed to streamline the process of booking accommodations and managing reservations for hotels, resorts, or other lodging establishments. Building a Hotel Reservation System in Java provides developers with an opportunity to create a comprehensive solution that enhances the efficiency and customer experience of hotel management.

41. Train Ticket Reservation System

A Train Ticket Reservation System is a software application designed to facilitate the booking of train tickets and management of reservations for railway passengers. Building a Train Ticket Reservation System in Java provides developers with an opportunity to create a comprehensive solution that enhances the efficiency and convenience of train travel.

42. School Management System

A School Management System is a comprehensive software solution designed to streamline various administrative tasks within educational institutions. This system helps manage student information, class schedules, attendance records, grading, and communication between teachers, students, and parents. Building a School Management System in Java provides an efficient way to organize and automate processes, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of school administration.

43. Banking System

A Banking System is a software application used by financial institutions to manage customer accounts, transactions, and other banking operations. This system facilitates activities such as account management, fund transfers, loan processing, and online banking services. Building a Banking System in Java involves implementing secure and efficient algorithms for managing financial transactions, ensuring data integrity and confidentiality, and providing a seamless user experience for customers.

44. Restaurant Management System

A Restaurant Management System is a software platform used by restaurants and food service establishments to manage various aspects of their operations, including order management, inventory control, table reservations, and billing. This system helps streamline restaurant workflows, improve efficiency, and enhance the dining experience for customers. Building a Restaurant Management System in Java involves designing user-friendly interfaces, integrating with point-of-sale devices, and implementing features such as menu customization, order tracking, and kitchen management.

45. Library Management System

A Library Management System is a software application used by libraries to manage their collections, circulation, and patron services. This system helps librarians track books, manage borrower information, automate check-in and check-out processes, and generate reports on library usage. Building a Library Management System in Java involves designing a database schema to store book and patron information, implementing search and retrieval functionalities, and providing a user-friendly interface for library staff and patrons to interact with the system.

46. Mail Sender

A Mail Sender is a software application used to compose, send, and manage emails. This tool facilitates communication by allowing users to send messages to one or more recipients over email. Building a Mail Sender in Java involves integrating with email protocols such as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) or using third-party email APIs to handle email delivery and management.

47. 2048 Game

The 2048 Game is a popular single-player puzzle game where players slide numbered tiles on a grid to combine them and create a tile with the number 2048. Building a 2048 Game in Java involves implementing game mechanics such as tile movement, tile merging, scoring, and game over conditions. Developers can use graphical libraries like JavaFX or Swing to create a user interface for the game.

48. Table Generator

A Table Generator is a tool used to create tables or grids with specified dimensions and content. This tool is often used in document preparation, web development, or data analysis to generate structured data displays. Building a Table Generator in Java involves designing a user interface for users to input table parameters such as rows, columns, and content, and then generating the table output dynamically.

49. Health Care Management System

A Health Care Management System is a software application used by healthcare providers to manage patient records, appointments, medical history, and other administrative tasks. This system helps streamline healthcare workflows, improve patient care, and enhance operational efficiency. Building a Health Care Management System in Java involves integrating with healthcare standards such as HL7 (Health Level Seven) for data exchange and implementing features such as patient registration, appointment scheduling, and electronic health record (EHR) management.

50. Energy Saving System

An Energy Saving System is a software application used to monitor, analyze, and optimize energy usage in buildings, facilities, or industrial processes. This system helps identify energy inefficiencies, track energy consumption patterns, and implement strategies to reduce energy consumption and costs. Building an Energy Saving System in Java involves integrating with sensors, meters, and building management systems to collect energy data, performing data analysis to identify energy-saving opportunities, and implementing control algorithms to optimize energy usage in real-time.

Engaging in Java projects with source code is an invaluable aspect of learning and mastering the language. Whether you're a novice aiming to solidify your foundation or an experienced developer seeking to enhance your skills, embarking on practical projects offers a rewarding learning experience. By exploring projects across different levels of complexity, developers can broaden their understanding, tackle challenges, and unleash their creativity in the world of Java programming.

Q1. Where can I find Java projects with source code for beginners?

Beginners can find Java projects on platforms like GitHub, CodeProject, and tutorial websites catering specifically to novice programmers.

Q2. How do Java projects help in learning programming?

Java projects provide hands-on experience, reinforce theoretical concepts, and promote problem-solving skills crucial for mastering programming.

Q3. Are Java projects suitable for advanced developers?

Yes, advanced developers can benefit from Java projects by tackling complex problems, exploring new technologies, and contributing to open-source projects.

Q4. Can I modify existing Java projects to suit my requirements?

Absolutely! Modifying existing Java projects allows developers to customize functionality, experiment with different approaches, and enhance their coding skills.

Q5. Are there online communities for discussing Java projects and seeking help?

Yes, numerous online forums and programming communities exist where developers can share ideas, seek assistance, and collaborate on Java projects.

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Java Programming Case Study Examples

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If you are an HR professional looking for talented Java programmers, then you are in the right place. This article will provide you with some great case study examples that showcase the skills and expertise of top Java programmers.

Importance of Case Studies for HR Professionals

Case studies are an essential tool for HR professionals when hiring top talent. They provide a deeper understanding of a candidate’s skills, knowledge, and experience, which is not always possible through resumes or interviews. By reviewing case studies, HR professionals can evaluate a candidate’s ability to solve complex problems and develop innovative solutions.

Here are some excellent case study examples that demonstrate the skills and expertise of top Java programmers:

• Google Maps : Google Maps is one of the most popular navigation applications in the world. It is built using Java and provides real-time traffic updates, street views, and satellite imagery. Google Maps is an excellent example of how Java programming can be used to develop complex and innovative solutions.
• Amazon : Amazon is the world’s largest online retailer, and its website is built using Java. The website handles millions of transactions every day, and its success is a testament to the reliability and scalability of Java programming.
• Netflix : Netflix is a streaming platform that delivers movies and TV shows to millions of users worldwide. It uses Java programming to create personalized recommendations, manage user profiles, and optimize streaming quality.

Why Choose Algobash?

At Algobash, we specialize in connecting HR professionals with top Java programmers. Our platform features a comprehensive database of talented programmers who have been rigorously tested and vetted. By using Algobash, you can save time and money while finding the perfect candidate for your organization.

Automating Dua Kelinci’s Careers with Algobash.com

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Part IX Case Studies

Part IX presents case studies that use a variety of Java EE technologies. This part contains the following chapters:

Chapter 51, Duke's Bookstore Case Study Example

Chapter 52, Duke's Tutoring Case Study Example

Chapter 53, Duke's Forest Case Study Example

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18 Java scenarios based interview Q&As for the experienced – Part 1

Let’s look at scenarios or problem statements & how would you go about handling those scenarios in Java. These scenarios interview questions will judge your Java experience. Full list of Java scenarios based interview questions are covered at Judging your Java experience via scenarios based interview Q&As .

#1. Caching

Q01.Scenario : You need to load stock exchange security codes with price from a database and cache them for performance. The security codes need to be refreshed say every 30 minutes. This cached data needs to be populated and refreshed by a single writer thread and read by several reader threads. How will you ensure that your read/write solution is scalable and thread safe?

Cache for read performance

A01. Solution : There are a number of options as described below:

Option 1 : The java.util.concurrent.locks package provides classes that implement read/write locks where the read lock can be executed in parallel by multiple threads and the write lock can be held by only a single thread. The ReadWriteLock interface maintains a pair of associated locks, one for read-only and one for writing. The readLock( ) may be held simultaneously by multiple reader threads, while the writeLock( ) is exclusive. In general, this implementation improves performance and scalability when compared to the mutex locks (i.e. via synchronized key word) when

1. There are more reads and read duration compared to writes and write duration .

2. It also depends on the machine you are running on — for example, multi-core processors for better parallelism .

Here is another approach step by step: Simple caching Java application step by step

Option 2 : The ConcurrentHashmap is another example where improved performance can be achieved when you have more reads than writes . The ConcurrentHashmap allows concurrent reads and locks only the buckets that are used for modification or insertion of data.

Option 3 : Making use of caching frameworks like EHCache , OSCache , etc. Caching frameworks take care of better memory management with LRU (Least Recently Used) and FIFO(First In First Out) eviction strategies, disk overflow, data expiration and many other optional advanced features, as opposed to writing your own.

Here is a working example in Java to Implement an in-memory LRU cache in Java with TTL without using a framework like EHCache.

Option 4 : Using a distributed & an in memory database like Redis . Redis can be a choice for implementing a highly available in-memory cache to decrease data access latency, increase throughput, and ease the load off your relational or NoSQL database and application.

#2. Asynchronus processing

Q02. Scenario : If you have a requirement to generate online reports or feed files by pulling out millions of historical records from a database, what questions will you ask, and how will you go about designing it?

A02. Designing a system is all about asking the right questions to gather requirements.

— Online Vs Offline? Should we restrict the online reports for only last 12 months of data to minimise the report size and to get better performance, and provide reports/feeds for the data older than 12 months via offline processing? For example, Bank statements for last 12 months via online & for transactions older than 12 months via offline asynchronous processing without blocking the customer from browsing rest of the website. Reports can be generated asynchronously and once ready can be emailed or downloaded via a URL at a later time.

— What report generation framework to use like Jasper Reports , Open CSV , XSL-FO with Apache FOP , etc depending on the required output formats?

— How to handle exceptional scenarios? send an error email, use a monitoring system like Tivoli or Nagios to raise production support tickets on failures, etc?

— Security requirements. Are we sending feed/report with PII (i.e. Personally Identifiable Information) data via email? Do we need proper access control to restrict who can generate which online reports? Should we password protect the email attachments? Are there any compliance or regulatory requirements like PCI (i.e. Payment Card Industry), GDPR (i.e. General Data Protection Regulation), ACCC (i.e. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission), etc depending on the jurisdictions served by the application?

— Should we schedule the offline reports to run during off peak time ? For example, enter all the requests for a report into a “ Request ” table and then schedule a process to run at say midnight to refer to all pending requests in the “ Request ” table to generate and store the relevant reports in an outbox for the customers to download. An email can be sent to clients with the report URL to download the report.

— Archival and purging straggles of the historical reports. What is the report retention period for the requirements relating to auditing and compliance purpose? How big are the files?

Solution : An online application with a requirement to produce time consuming reports or a business process (e.g. re-balancing accounts, aggregating hierarchical information, etc) could benefit from making these long running operations asynchronous. Once the reports or the long running business process is completed, the outcome can be communicated to the user via emails or asynchronously refreshing the web page via techniques known as “ server push (JEE Async Servlet)” or “ client pull (Refresh meta tag)”. A typical example would be

a) A user makes an online request for an aggregate report or a business process like re-balancing his/her portfolios.

b) The user request will be saved to a database table for a separate process to periodically pick it up and process it asynchronously.

c) The user could now continue to perform other functionality of the website without being blocked .

d) A separate process running on the same machine or different machine can periodically scan the table for any entries and produce the necessary reports or execute the relevant business process. This could be a scheduled job that runs once during off-peak or every 10 minutes. This depends on the business requirement.

e) Once the report or the process is completed, notify the user via emails or making the report available online to be downloaded.

Offline report generation on AWS cloud

#3 Regular Expressions (i.e. regex)

Q03. Scenario : You need to find and change a text from “Client” to “Customer” in 300+ html files.

A03. Solution : Harness the power of Unix & Regex .

sed and awk are very powerful Unix commands for file manipulations. These are covered in detail in The Unix interview Q&As .

#4 Auditing

Q04. Scenario : You have a requirement to maintain a history of insertion, modification, and deletion to the “Customer” table. How will you go about accomplishing this?

A04. Solution

1) Create an ETL (i.e. Extract Transform & Load) batch job that periodically extracts all the changes to batch files and send those files to a Data warehouse system, which loads these batch files to a SCD Type 2 history table. SCD Type 2 means maintain each change. This is discussed in detail at 13 Data Warehouse interview Q&As – Fact Vs Dimension, CDC, SCD, etc .

2) Asynchronously via publish & subscription paradigm. Publish each change as an event to a message oriented middle-ware like Apache Kafka, Rabbit MQ, Websphere MQ, etc & separate subscriber application will save each event to a SQL or NoSQL history table.

3) Create database table triggers to insert superseded records to a separate history table. A database trigger is procedural code that is automatically executed in response to certain events like insert, update, etc on a particular table or view in a database. Care must be taken in using or writing triggers as incorrectly written or used triggers can significantly impact performance of your database.

#5 Externalize business rules

Q05. Scenario : You are asked to design an application, which validates data with 100+ rules to comply with the government compliance requirements and tax laws. These compliance requirements can change and the application need to quickly and easily adapt to changing requirements.

A05. Solution : Harness the power of Rules Engines like Drools . Drools is a popular open source business rules and work flow engine. It helps you externalise the rules in database tables or excel spreadsheets as opposed to embedding within the Java code. The rules are executed in the form of when given a ($condition) then execute the ($consequence). The business will be the custodian of these rules that can be easily viewed on an excel spreadsheet or via querying the database tables. A GUI could be built to maintain these rules that reside in a database.

#6 Concurrency Management

Q06. Scenario : Reference counting where a shared resource is incremented or decremented. The increment/decrement operations must be thread safe. For example, a counter that keeps track of the number of active logged in users by incrementing the count when users log in and decrementing the count when the users log out. Sometimes you want to allow a finite number of concurrent accesses say 3 users at a time.

A06. Solution :

Mutex : is a single key to an object (E.g. a toilet). One person can have the key and occupy the toilet at the time. When finished, the person gives (or releases) the key to the next person in the queue. In Java, every object has a mutex and only a single thread can get hold of a mutex .

Semaphore : Is a number of free identical toilet keys. For example, having 3 toilets with identical locks and keys. The semaphore count is set to 3 at beginning and then the count is decremented as people are acquiring the key to the toilets. If all toilets are full, i.e. there are no free keys left, the semaphore count is 0. Now, when one person leaves the toilet, semaphore is increased to 1 (one free key), and given to the next person in the queue.

#7 Designing a trading system

Q07. Scenario : If you are working with an online trading application, you may want the functionality to queue trades placed after hours and process them when the stock market opens. You also need to asynchronously handle the order statuses sent from the stock exchange like partially-filled, rejected, fully filled, etc, and update the online order information. How will you go about solution this?

A07. Solution : The Message Oriented Middle-wares like Apache Kafka, Rabbit MQ, Websphere MQ, webMethods Broker, etc provide features like guaranteed delivery with store-and-forward mechanism, no duplicates, and transaction management for enterprise level program-to-program communications by sending and receiving messages asynchronously (or synchronously). The diagram below gives a big picture.

When using Message Oriented Middle-wares (MOM) to facilitate asynchronous processing

1) The producer (i.e Trading Engine) that submits user requests and consumer (i.e. FIX Router) that converts the messages to FIX protocol and send FIX messages to the Stock Exchange system retain processing control and do not block. In other words, they continue processing regardless of the state of others. Queue depths need to be properly set, and the messages need to be durable . Message correlation ids are used to pair request and response.

2) MOM creates looser coupling among systems, provides delivery guarantees, prevents message losses, scales well by decoupling performance characteristics of each system, has high availability and does not require same time availability of all sub-systems. So, MOM is ideal for geographically dispersed systems requiring flexibility, scalability, and reliability.

3) You may also require to perform logging, auditing and performance metrics gathering asynchronously and non-intrusively. For example, you could send the log messages from log4j to a queue to be processed later asynchronously by a separate process running on the same machine or a separate machine. The performance metrics can be processed asynchronously as well.

For example, a trading application may have a number of synchronous and asynchronous moving parts and metrics needs to be recorded for various operations like placing a trade on to a queue, receiving asynchronous responses from the stock market, correlating order ids, linking similar order ids, etc. A custom metrics gathering solution can be accomplished by logging the relevant metrics to a database and then running relevant aggregate queries or writing to a file system and then running PERL based text searches to aggregate the results to a “csv” based file to be opened and analyzed in a spreadsheet with graphs. In my view, writing to a database provides a greater flexibility. For example, in Java, the following approach can be used.

Asynchronous logging

— Use log4j JMS appender or a custom JMS appender to send log messages to a queue.

— Use this appender in your application via Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP – e.g Spring AOP, AspectJ, etc) or dynamic proxy classes to non-intrusively log relevant metrics to a queue. It is worth looking at Perf4j and context based logging with MDC (Mapped Diagnostic Contexts) or NDC (Nested Diagnostic Contexts) to log on a per thread basis to correlate or link relevant operations.

— A stand-alone listener application needs to be developed to dequeue the performance metrics messages from the queue and write to a database or a file system for further analysis and reporting purpose. This listener could be written in Java as a JMX service using JMS or via broker service like webMethods, TIBCO, etc.

— Finally, relevant SQL or regular expression based queries can be written to aggregate and report relevant metrics in a customized way.

#8 Impact Analysis (aka IA)

Q08. Scenario : You are required to change the logic of a module that many other modules have dependency on. How would you go about making the changes without impacting dependent systems.

A08. Solution : You need to firstly perform an impact analysis . Impact analysis is about being able to tell which pieces of code, packages, modules, and projects use given piece of code, packages, modules, and projects, or vice versa is a very difficult thing.

Performing an impact analysis is not a trivial task, and there is not a single tool that can cater for every scenario. You can make use of some static analysis tools like IDEs (e.g. eclipse), JRipples , X- Ray , etc. But, unfortunately applying just static analysis alone not enough, especially in Java and other modern languages whereas lots of things can happen in run time via reflections, dynamic class loading & configuration, polymorphism, byte code injection, proxies, etc.

a) In eclipse Ctrl+Shift+g c an be used to search for references

b) You can perform a general “File Search” for keywords on all projects in the work-space.

c) You can use Notepad++ editor and select Search –> Find in files. You can search for a URL or any keyword across a number of files within a folder.

There are instances where you need to perform impact analysis across stored procedures, various services, URLs, environment properties, batch processes, etc. This will require a wider analysis across projects and repositories.

Search within your code repository like GIT :

Tools like FishEye can be used to search across various code repositories. FisheEye is not targeted for any special programming language. It just supports various version control systems and the concept of text files being changed over time by various people. Handy for text searches like environment based properties files to change a URL or host name from A to B.

Grep the Unix/Linux environment where your application is deployed.You can perform a search on the file system where your application(s) are deployed.

Analyze across various log files . It is also not easy to monitor service oriented architectures. You can use tools like Splunk to trace transactions across the IT stack while being tested by the testers to proactively identify any issues related to change. Splunk goes across multiple log files.

Conduct impact analysis sessions across cross functional and system teams and communicate the changes . Brain storm major areas affected and document them. Have a manual test plan that covers the impact systems to be tested. Collaborate with cross functional teams and identify any gaps in your analysis. Have a proper review and sign-off process. Get more developers to do peer code reviews.

Have proper documentation with high level architecture diagrams and dependency graphs where possible . As the number systems grow, so does the complexity. A typical enterprise Java application makes use of different database servers, messaging servers, ERP systems, BPM systems, Work flow systems, SOA architectures, etc. Use online document management systems like Confluence or Wiki , which enables search for various documents.

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Java Case Study

• First Online: 02 October 2022

Cite this chapter

• Quentin Charatan 5 &
• Aaron Kans 6  

Part of the book series: Texts in Computer Science ((TCS))

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You have now covered many aspects of the Java language. In this chapter we are going to take stock of what you have learnt by developing a Java application that draws upon all these topics. We will implement interfaces; we will catch and throw exceptions; we will make use of the collection classes in the java . util package; and we will store objects to file. We will also make use of many JavaFX components to develop an attractive graphical interface.

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If you are developing a class from scratch that you wish to add into a package, your Java IDE can be used so that the package line is inserted into your code for you and the required directory structure is created. If you are using your Java IDE to revisit classes previously written outside of a package (as in this example), you may need to ensure that the resulting directory structure is reflected in the project you are working in. Refer to your IDE’s documentation for details about how to do this.

By default, the tabs you add will appear at the top left of the TabPane (as in Fig.  24.8 ). A setSide method can be used to choose an alternative side (the top right, the bottom, the left or the right).

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Charatan, Q., Kans, A. (2022). Java Case Study. In: Programming in Two Semesters. Texts in Computer Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01326-3_24

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