cisco dynamic vlan port assignment

Static and Dynamic VLAN Membership Explained

There are two types of VLAN membership: static and dynamic. In the static method, administrators manually add switch ports to VLANs. In the dynamic method, the switch automatically assigns appropriate VLANs to ports.

What VLAN membership is

A VLAN is a group of devices that share broadcast messages. By default, switches have only one VLAN, called VLAN-1. However, you can create and configure additional VLANs to limit broadcast messages and logically arrange devices in groups. After creating VLANs, you need to add desired ports to VLANs. VLAN membership is an authorization to be part of the VLAN. There are two ways to assign VLAN membership to switch ports: Static and Dynamic.

Static VLAN membership

It is an easy and straightforward method. In it, you manually add ports to VLANs. VLANs configured in this way are typically called port-based VLANs .

Let us take an example.

The following image shows an 8-port switch. With the default configuration, all ports belong to the same broadcast domain.

Now, suppose you want to break this network into two broadcast domains. You create two VLANs: VLAN-10 and VLAN-20 . You enter the sub-configuration mode of ports and configure VLANs. You configure VLAN-10 on ports 1, 2, 3, and 4, and VLAN-20 on ports 5, 6, 7, and 8. It is an example of static VLAN membership.

Advantages of static VLAN membership

The main advantages of static VLAN membership are the following.

Easy configuration

Configuring a static VLAN membership is easy. To configure a static VLAN membership, you run only one command [switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan VLAN_ID ] in the sub-interface configuration mode.

Easy management

Managing static VLAN membership is also easy. From the sub-interface configuration mode of the port, you can easily add, update, and remove VLAN membership.

Since you manually add, update, and remove static VLAN membership on all ports, the static VLAN membership is more secure than the dynamic VLAN membership.

Availability

Static VLANs are available on almost all Cisco switches. You do not need any high-end Cisco switch to use them. You can configure and use them on existing Cisco switches.

Disadvantages of static VLAN membership

The disadvantages of static VLANs are the following.

Scalability

Static VLAN membership is not scalable. If your network is small, you can choose it because of its easy configuration. But if your network is big, you can not use it alone. For example, if your network has thousands of devices, assigning and managing static VLAN membership for these devices on switches will be a difficult task.

Static VLAN membership is not movable. If you move a PC from a switch port to another switch port, you need to manually remove the VLAN membership from the current port and add it to the new port.

Dynamic VLAN membership

Dynamic VLAN membership works on a server-client model. In this model, a policy server called the VLAN membership policy server (VMPS) saves VLAN mapping information. VLAN mapping information contains VLAN IDs and MAC addresses of end devices.

All other switches act as VLAN client switches. They forward MAC addresses to the VMPS switch. The VMPS switch finds VLAN ID associated with each MAC address and passes that ID to the VLAN client switch.

The following image shows a simple network. It uses dynamic VLAN membership.

In the above network, when you add PC2 to the VLAN client switch's port-2, it forwards PC2's MAC address to the VMPS switch. VMPS switch finds the VLAN ID related to PC2's MAC address and provides that ID to the VLAN client switch. The VLAN client switch assigns the received VLAN ID to port-2.

Now suppose, you remove PC2 from port-2 and attach it to port3. In this situation, the switch will take the following steps.

• It removes configured VLAN on port-2 as soon as you remove the connected device.
• When you attach PC2 to port-3, it sends the PC2's MAC address to the VMPS switch.
• VMPS switch finds the VLAN ID related to the PC2's MAC address and provides it to the VLAN client switch.
• The VLAN client switch assigns the received VLAN ID to port-3.

Advantages of Dynamic VLAN membership

The advantages of dynamic VLAN membership are the following.

The main advantage of dynamic VLAN membership is movability. If you move an end device from a switch port to another switch port, the switch automatically updates the VLAN information on both ports.

Centralized management

Dynamic VLAN membership provides centralized management. You need to manage VLAN information only on the VMPS swtich. Other switches automatically receive the updated information from the VMPS swtich.

Fast implementation

Since VLAN client switches automatically implement dynamic VLAN membership, it is faster than static VLAN membership. In static VLAN membership, if you change VLAN information, you need to manually update that information on all ports. In dynamic VLAN membership, switches automatically update the information on all ports.

Disadvantages of Dynamic VLAN membership

The disadvantages of dynamic VLAN membership are the following.

Complex configuration

The configuration of dynamic VLAN membership is complex. You need to map the MAC addresses of all end devices to VLANs on the VMPS switch. You also need to configure all other switches to get VLAN information from the VMPS switch.

Add extra cost to the network

You cannot use low-end Cisco switches as VMPS server switch. You need a high-end Cisco switch such as Catalyst 6500 switch to configure VMPS. High-end Cisco switches are costly.

This tutorial is a part of the tutorial series on VLAN, VTP, and DTP Concepts and Configurations on Cisco Routers. Other parts of this series are the following.

Chapter 01 VLAN Basic Concepts Explained with Examples

Chapter 02 Advantages and Disadvantages of VLANs

Chapter 03 Static and Dynamic VLAN Membership Explained

Chapter 04 Access Link and Trunk Link Explained

Chapter 05 VLAN Tagging Explained with DTP Protocol

Chapter 06 DTP Modes and Protocol Explained

Chapter 07 802.1Q Native VLAN concept Explained

Chapter 08 Cisco Inter-Switch Link (ISL) Explained

Chapter 09 Trunk Tagging and Frame Tagging Explained

Chapter 10 VTP Modes and VTP Protocol Explained

Chapter 11 VTP Pruning on switches Explained

Chapter 12 VLAN Practice Lab Setup in Packet Tracer

Chapter 13 Configure VTP Server and Client in Switch

Chapter 14 VLAN Configuration Commands Step by Step Explained

Chapter 15 Router on Stick Configuration Explained

By ComputerNetworkingNotes Updated on 2024-06-09

ComputerNetworkingNotes CCNA Study Guide Static and Dynamic VLAN Membership Explained

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• VLAN Port Assignment and VLAN Port Types

In this lesson, we will focus on some of the key lessons of VLANs. We will learn how to assign ports to VLAN, VLAN Port types and VLAn Tagging.

Table of Contents

Static and Dynamic VLAN Assignments

VLANs can be assigned statically and dynamically . Static configuration is more common, but dynamic is also used.

Static VLAN assignment is like its name. You will statically assign the ports to the VLAN.

Dynamic VLAN assignment can be done by VLAN Membership Policy Server(VMPS) . VMPS needs VLAN-MAC address relationship database. Here, we will use the static one, like many network engineer.

VLAN Port Types

There are two type port used in VLANs. These are: – Access Ports, – Trunk Ports

Access ports are the ports that are member of a single VLAN . Host devices are connected to it. This is also default Cisco switch port type.

Trunk ports are the ports that are member of more than one VLAN or all VLANs . This ports are used between switches. To span VLANs between more than one switch, some ports are needed to carry VLAN information accross the switches. These ports are trunk ports. You can also carry each VLAN without using any trunk port. But this way is not efficient and not common.

VLAN Frame Tagging

While carrying the frames between VLANs across multiple swithes, frame tagging is required. Because the other end switch need to understand that where the frame will go ( to which VLAN) on the other end. And tagging is used only for the frames going out a trunk port. This is not used for access ports, and anyway this is not necessary.

No VLAN Frame Tagging Require

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Security Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE 17.15.x (Catalyst 9600 Switches)

Bias-free language.

The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. Exceptions may be present in the documentation due to language that is hardcoded in the user interfaces of the product software, language used based on RFP documentation, or language that is used by a referenced third-party product. Learn more about how Cisco is using Inclusive Language.

• Controlling Switch Access with Passwords and Privilege Levels
• Configuring Login Block
• Configuring Authentication
• Configuring Authorization
• Configuring Accounting
• Configuring Local Authentication and Authorization
• Configuring AAA Authorization and Authentication Cache
• Configuring AAA Dead-Server Detection
• Configuring TACACS+
• Configuring RADIUS
• Configuring RadSec
• Configuring RADIUS Server Load Balancing

Configuring VLAN RADIUS Attributes

• Device Sensor
• Configuring MACsec Encryption
• Configuring Secure Shell
• Secure Shell Version 2 Support
• SSH Support Over IPv6
• Configuring SSH File Transfer Protocol
• X.509v3 Certificates for SSH Authentication
• SSH Algorithms for Common Criteria Certification
• Configuring Secure Socket Layer HTTP
• Object Groups for ACLs
• Configuring Reflexive Access Lists
• Configuring IP Source Guard
• Configuring Dynamic ARP Inspection
• Configuring IPv6 First Hop Security
• Configuring Switch Integrated Security Features
• Configuring IEEE 802.1x Port-Based Authentication
• IEEE 802.1X VLAN Assignment
• Web-Based Authentication
• Identity Based Networking Services Overview
• Change of Authorization Support
• Configuring Identity Control Policies
• Policy Classification Engine
• Configuring Identity Service Templates
• Interface Templates
• eEdge Integration with MACsec
• Critical Voice VLAN Support
• Configuring Local Authentication Using LDAP
• Web Authentication Redirection to Original URL
• Port-Based Traffic Control
• Port Security
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• Source Interface Selection for Outgoing Traffic with Certificate Authority
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• Configuring IPv6 Support for LDAP
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Chapter: Configuring VLAN RADIUS Attributes

Restrictions for vlan radius attributes in access requests, vlan radius attributes, configuring vlan radius attributes in access requests, verifying vlan radius attributes in access requests, example: configuring vlan radius attributes in access requests, example: verifying vlan radius attributes in access requests, feature history for vlan radius.

The VLAN RADIUS Attributes in Access Requests feature enhances the security for access switches with the use of VLAN RADIUS attributes (VLAN name and ID) in the access requests and with an extended VLAN name length of 128 characters.

Dynamic VLAN assignment to critical authentication (inaccessible authentication bypass or AAA fail policy) VLAN is not supported.

If the RADIUS server becomes unavailable during an 802.1x authentication exchange, the current exchange times out, and the switch uses critical access control lists (ACLs) during the next authentication attempt.

Information About VLAN RADIUS Attributes in Access Requests

Authentication prevents unauthorized devices (clients) from gaining access to the network by using different methods to define how users are authorized and authenticated for network access. To enhance security, you can limit network access for certain users by using VLAN assignment. Information available in the access-request packets sent to the authentication server (AAA or RADIUS server) validates the identity of the user and defines if a user can be allowed to access the network.

The VLAN RADIUS Attributes in Access Requests feature supports authentication using IEEE 802.1X, MAC authentication bypass (MAB), and web-based authentication (webauth). The default order for authentication methods is 802.1X, and then MAB, then web-based authentication. If required, you can change the order or disable any of these methods.

If MAC authentication bypass is enabled, the network device relays the client's MAC address to the AAA server for authorization. If the client's MAC address is valid, the authorization succeeds and the network device grants the client access to the network.

If web-based authentication is enabled, the network device sends an HTTP login page to the client. The network device relays the client's username and password to the AAA server for authorization. If the login succeeds, the network device grants the client access to the network.

While performing authentications, the VLAN RADIUS attributes (name and ID of the VLAN) assigned to the hosting port is included in the RADIUS access requests and accounting requests. The VLAN RADIUS Attributes in Access Requests feature supports VLAN names accommodating 128-character strings.

With the use of VLAN RADIUS attributes in authentication requests, clients are authorized based on existing VLAN segmented networks. The existing VLAN provisioning is used as an indication of the location.

Based on RFC 2868 (RADIUS Attributes for Tunnel Protocol Support), support is provided for standard RADIUS attributes that exist for specifying the tunnel-type, medium and identifier.

Tunnel-Type (IEFT #64) = VLAN

Tunnel-Medium-Type (IEFT #65) = 802 (6)

Tunnel-Private-Group-ID (IEFT #81) = [tag, string]

How to Configure VLAN RADIUS Attributes in Access Requests

To create an attribute filter-list and to bind an attribute filter-list with authentication and accounting requests, perform the following task:

Configuration Examples for VLAN RADIUS Attributes in Access Requests

The following is sample output from the set platform software trace command. The output provides debugging information used to verify VLAN RADIUS attributes in access requests.

This table provides release and related information for the features explained in this module.

These features are available in all the releases subsequent to the one they were introduced in, unless noted otherwise.

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